How Nutrition Affects Autism
By Lizzie Streit, MS, RDN, LD
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with communication, social interaction, sensory processing, and other behaviors. Affecting one in 31 children in the United States, ASD ranges from a condition that requires significant help to one with little impact on how those with the diagnosis participate in daily activities.
The increasing prevalence of autism in the past few decades is a widely discussed topic, and research on the possible causes continues to expand. The role of nutrition in both the development and management of autism has been a growing area of interest, especially in recent months.
If you’re curious about how food and nutrition may affect autism, keep reading.
Nutrition and Autism Development
The exact causes of autism remain unknown, but scientists suspect a combination of genetic, biologic, and environmental factors play a role. Nutrition likely also has an effect, especially maternal diet during pregnancy.
A 2022 meta-analysis found that a higher maternal intake of folic acid, vitamin D, and prenatal/multivitamin supplements during pregnancy was linked to lower odds of a child developing ASD. Additional studies have found associations between eating fish and high iron intake during pregnancy and reduced odds of ASD in children.
Eating too many unhealthy foods may also have an impact. Research suggests that compounds in ultra-processed foods may suppress genes, lead to nutrient deficiencies, and expose consumers to heavy metals in ways that contributes to the development of autism.
Nutrition and Autism Management
Just as diet may influence the development of autism in children, it can also impact and be impacted by symptoms in people with the disorder. Many people with autism have limited food choices due to picky eating, sensory issues, and feeding problems. As a result, they may be more prone to nutritional deficiencies, anxiety surrounding food, and low weight or weight gain.
Individuals with feeding difficulties related to ASD often benefit from working with a registered dietitian or health professional who specializes in nutrition for autism. They may need targeted supplements and other strategies to expand healthy food choices.
In addition, there is growing interest on the effect of nutrition interventions on improving symptoms of ASD. Some research suggests that enhancing gut health via probiotic supplementation may improve ASD-related behaviors, while other studies have shown beneficial effects of gluten-free and casein-free diets. However, research on nutrition and autism is still limited, making it difficult to make widespread recommendations at this time.
Conclusion
Nutrition likely plays a role in the development of autism, and dietary interventions may also be effective in managing symptoms of the disorder. Nevertheless, there are many unknowns when it comes to nutrition and autism.
It’s vital that research on the topic continues so that individuals with ASD and their caregivers can make informed decisions. If you are curious about nutritional interventions for autism prevention or management, speak with your healthcare provider to discuss a plan that works for you.
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